17 Comments

What interests me about semantic paradoxes and vague predicates is that they are examples of how ordinary language is not and cannot be like a formal language. It is produced by people interacting with each other and with nature, and does not obey these formal laws. You can try to make these logical laws work but only at the price of stipulating meanings that don’t get at everything humans using these words in the wild actually communicate. And we also have to start banning certain sentences that make perfect sense in ordinary discourse. In other words, you can only make ordinary language formal by creating a sub-language in which the participants agree that they are talking in special ways - although they inevitably borrow from ordinary language implicitly, generating new formal problems.

I notice your argument for doing that is ultimately a pragmatic one: if we are more precise in our use of concepts, we will come to understand the domain better. The “dialectical” response is “Sure that could work for some purposes, but the price of that system is going to be some implicit presupposition you can’t even formulate within the system”. The big leaps are when that suppressed implicit presupposition become a barrier to solving the pragmatic problems the formalized system of concepts is designed to address, are then brought to awareness and new, more general, implicit presuppositions are substituted.

At that point you have to stop *applying* your rules for discourse and have to reform them. That involves making the presupposition explicit. It also need not point to a single determinate answer, as your discussion of various ways of resolving the Liar’s Paradoxes shows.

While Marx himself never had much to say about these issues, I think if you see ordinary language as a social force of production - and more specialized formal languages as also forces of production- it leads to some insight. Both the ordinary language and specialized formal languages have to be reproduced and are constrained by the metabolism between humans and nature, the pragmatic tasks both are expected to solve are shapes by the class structure and so on. A democratic observation is that ordinary language is already produced socialistically without state or market (although shaped somewhat by both) and specialized, formal ways of talking depend on ordinary language.

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IT IS NOT A Bivalence but a TRINITY; TRUTH FALSE and forgotten by us today but most important FAITH. trinities are everywhere; mind, body, soul. Father Son You. God Jesus Believers. Left Right Center. You Me US ❤️❤️❤️

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Three values don’t solve the problem because you can just say, “This sentence is neither TRUE nor FAITH” in which case it is TRUE or FAITH if and only if it is not TRUE or FAITH (based on three-value assumptions similar to non-contradiction and excluded middle)

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A statement is either true or false then faith is a separate component at an individual level

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Right at the beginning of analytical philosophy, Frege made a similar distinction between the force with which someone holds or asserts a thought and the content of the thought. What you are calling “faith” seems more like the force with which someone holds to a proposition, while whether it is true or false is about its content

Like most distinctions in analytical philosophy, this is controversial. But I have to admit I don’t see how adding faith into the mix helps with these paradoxes

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Because the paradox only exists if you withhold faith from the equation. Like I both believe in God yet know he doesn’t exist (truly that is my worldview). The reason I hold both of those statements as true is because I have faith

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The only way I can understand your assertion is if the concept of God you know doesn’t exist is different from what you believe in. Which is perfectly reasonable of course

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Nope they are the exact same thing

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Here Ben do you know this cool Liar Paradox-titled song by Nick Lowe, All Men Are Liars and That's the Truth? : 'Do you remember Rick Astley? He had a big fat hit it was ghastly': https://youtu.be/m6hzkBihaew

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